虚拟语气
虚拟语气
Mxne什么是虚拟语气？
if 虚拟语气
| 从句 | 主句 | |
|---|---|---|
| 现在 | did / were | would do |
| 过去 | had done | would have done |
| 将来 | were to do / should do | would do |
例句
1.对现在的虚拟
If I were you, I would call him.
注意：在if虚拟语气中，无论第几人称，虚拟语气if从句的be动词一律写were。
2.对过去的虚拟
If I had known your number yesterday, I would have phoned you.
如果我昨天直到你的手机号，我将会给你打电话。
3.对将来的虚拟
If you were to come home next year, we would go to the park together.
如果你明年能回家，我们就一起去公园。
主将从现的if和虚拟语气的if的 区别：
主将从现的if：条件状语从句，真实 发生的
虚拟语气的if：虚假 的
虚拟语气的特殊用法
1. 主句的谓语动词表 要求、命令、建议等，宾语从句 动词写成 (should) + do。
advise、suggest、insist、order、command、recommend、ask、demand、require、request …
例句：
My friend orders that everyone in his room (should) take off their shoes.
我的朋友要求在他房间的每一个人都要脱掉鞋子。（注意语态）
2. 表示要求、命令、建议等名词后面的同位语从句动词部分写成 (should) + do。
例句：
He set out requirements that everyone (should) follow his arrangement.
他发出了一些要求，每个人都应该遵守他的安排
3. it is + important / necessary / natural / esential / advisable / … + that + 主语 + (should) + do
例句：
It is important that you (should) stay at home.
你应该呆在家里是非常重要的。
4. wish后面接宾语从句 ，使用虚拟语气
句型：主语 + wish + that + 宾语从句(虚拟语气)
过去：had done
现在：did
将来：would / could / should + do 注：should不可省略
例句：
I wish that you hadn’t been to this activity.
我真希望你没有参加过这个活动
5. It is (high) time that … + did / were / should do
例句：
It’s time that you tought about your future.
= It’s time that you should think about your future.
是时候澳旅下你的未来了。
6. 表示“没有”，“以免”，“否则”….等介词提示为含蓄的虚拟语气。but for, without, otherwise …
过去：would/should/could/might have done（主句谓语）
现在/将来：would do（主句谓语）
例句：
But for his help, I couldn’t have done it.
要不是他的帮助，我肯定做不到
7. if only 的虚拟语气
过去：had done
现在：did/were
例句：
If nonly I had listened to my parents.
要是我听从了父母就好了
8. would rather表示“宁愿”，希望，后面句子 要接虚拟语气
过去：had done
现在：did/were
例句：
I would rather he hadn’t told me about it.
我宁愿他没有告诉我这件事
例题
1．Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked (work) in the same department as he does.
解析：would rather+句子，用虚拟语气，does现在时，对现在虚拟用worked
2．We requested that the task (should) be complete (complete) by the end of this week.
解析：request表要求，后面宾语从句用虚拟语气，(should) do
3．If he had followed (follow) the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t suffer so much now.
解析：if虚拟语气，now是现在时，suffer就是现在，follow在suffer之前就是去过，过去虚拟的从句用had done
4．My sister insisted that she (should) organize (organize) the trip properly.
解析：insist表坚持认为，后面宾语从句用虚拟语气(should) do
5．It is the high time that we (should) place / placed (place) great emphasis on the improvement of food safety.
解析：It is the high time that + did / (should) do / were
情态动词表猜测的虚拟语气
1.must have done sth.
译：一定 做过某事
表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测（有依据），这时只能用在肯定句中，“肯定/必须已经干过….”，在 否定句和疑问句中用can’t或couldn’t
否定：mustn’t have done❌ —> couldn’t have done / can’t have done ✔
2.can’t / couldn’t have done sth.
译：不可能 做过某事
没有 mustn‘t have done 这一种，就是 mustn‘t have done 的一种替代
3.can / could have done sth.
译：本 能够做 某事，实际上 未做（能力）
4.ought to / should have done sth.
译：过去 本应该 做某事，而实际上 没有做（义务）
5.may / might have done sth.
译：过去 可能 做了某事
表示对过去事情把握程度很低的猜测，没有任何的根据。与must have done 进行对比
时态错综虚拟语气
例句：
If you had followed my advice, you would be better right now.
虚拟语气的半到装
were I you = if I were you
步骤：1. 省略 if 2. 助动词提前(句首)
总结
